Former Tests & Answers used for this course (Study Guide)
 
Help Studying for the Midterm

1. As given in the course manual, life expectancy was about 47 years at the turn of the century

2. Life span at the turn of the century was 125

3. "IADL" stands for:

4-7. What are four or more examples of IADLs? 

8. Does the incidence of acute diseases decreases with age?

9. Growing older begins at:

10. "ADL" stands for: 

11-14. What are four or more examples of ADLs?  bathing, eating, toileting,
transferring, dressing

15. First time grandparenthood today generally occurs [age(s)]:  at the widest range of ages ever

16. What is meant by the "heterogeneity" of the aged?  you grow more unique as you age

17. The term "Sandwich Generation", refers to adults who: 

18. Increased complaints of pain among older persons are due to:  
 
MATCHING--draw lines connecting the correct purpose &
design:
Example of                                          Research
Research Purpose                                Design
19. To learn what                                Survey/Interview
    people think
20. To find out how                             Observation
    people behave
    in public
21. To find out                                    Existing Data
    what people
   have done
 22. To obtain reliable                        Experiment
information under
    controlled conditions
23. To assess the effects                    Quasi-experiment
    of a social
    intervention
 
24. Everyone becomes confused or forgetful if they live long enough. T/F?

25. Older people take more medications than younger people. T/F?

26. Diet and exercise reduce the risk for osteoporosis. T/F?

27. Extremes of heat and cold can be especially dangerous for older people. T/F?

28. Younger people actually have more memory lapses than do  older  people, but the later tend to blame themselves much more while the former more easily over look the memory lapses.  T/F?

29. Over a person's life, the brain: 

30. It is often difficult to diagnose depression in older people because: 

31. The most prevalent psychiatric disorder in old age is: 

32. Growing old may imply some new kinds of dependency. What approach would help an older person accept unavoidable dependency with dignity? 

33. In order to understand age changes as distinct from age differences, it is
necessary to conduct: 

34. A valid measure is one that: 

35. Senescence refers to: 

36. Slower reaction time with aging is most likely due to:  

37. Increased complaints of pain among older persons are:  

38. Changes in the temperature regulatory system with aging result in a preference by older persons for ambient temperatures that are: 

39. Maximum body size and strength generally reaches its peak at age:  

40. A major advantage of longitudinal research designs is that they:

41. Knowledge as a source of power for older people is often  undermined in societies where:

42. Respiratory function in aging: 

43. All of the following interventions have been shown toimprove active life
expectancy in lab animals EXCEPT:  

44. An older person who is experiencing problems with depth perception could improve their home environment by: 

45. Associating new information with an image has been found to be useful for older people as a:

46. The fastest growing age segment of our population is:

47. Social theories of aging address the basic question of:  the optimal way for older people to adapt

48. The following is (are) true of age norms: 

49. The final crisis faced by the individual in Erik Erikson's theory of personality development is know as:

50. NAAA stands for __________________

51. High life satisfaction has been found among older people who may be described as: 

52. There are many different myths about the aging family. What is true?

53. Middle-aged adult children are experiencing growing pressures to provide care to their older parents because:  

54. Leisure patterns in old age tend to:  

Rubin has suggested that individuals are their own best friends and their own worst enemies. He states that within every person are opposing forces of great power. He argued for psychophilosophy of life that should help individuals enjoy living in the here and now and face adversity with self assurance. His twelve components of psychophilosophy are:
55: "I am because I am"
56: "I am I"
57: "I need, I want, I choose"
58: "I am where I am"
59: "Be here now"
60: "I always do my best"
61: "NO"
62: "The right to live, the right to die"
63: "Life is tough"

64. How you appear to others is called your:

65. What we think we are like is called:

66. The main disadvantage of everyday experience as a way of knowing is: 
everyday experience is seldom representative

67. Dementia can be caused by: 

68- According to Atchley, the most practical and unambiguous way to measure population aging is:  

69- Changes in life expectancy at birth are most sensitive to changes  in:

70- Social Security projections assume:

71- To the Puritans, old age brought veneration because old age indicated:   moral superiority

72- The mode of decision making emphasized in Colonial America was: 
tradition-directed

73- What policies were enacted in the 1960s? Mark all that apply.

74- To be considered a part of aging, a change must:  

75- Common age changes in sleep include:  

76- Chronic conditions may:  

77- Speech comprehension in elders is more likely to be adequate when: 

78- Studies of intelligence have shown that:

79- Older workers maintain their job performance by: 

80- Aging effects the stabilization of identity by:  

81- According to Greenwald, the self is maintained in part by: 

82- As an attribute, age often influences:  

83- Dependency carries with it expectations that dependent persons be:  

84- Adaptation involves:  

85- Douglas found that older people coped with rising heating fuel cost by spending less on:  food

86- According to Larson, things older people did when they were alone tended to be:  challenging

87- Which of the following is probably the most common approach to role loss?  consolidation

88- Poor health pushes older individuals toward:   disengagement

89- Exchange of love, trust, and confidences typifies bonds of:   intimacy

90- Relationships emerge from:

91- For both older men and older women, the strongest predictor of life satisfaction is:  marital satisfaction

92- McKain found that the most frequently given reason for remarriages in later life was:  

93- Older parents and adult children often live together because:  

94- Older workers are less likely than younger ones to be:  

95- Compared to younger workers, older workers have:   higher job satisfaction

96- Activity competence involves: 

97- Visiting with friends and neighbors is an activity most common among older people of the: . working class

98- Effective use of older people as volunteers requires that they be given: 

99- Senior Net trains elders in: 

100- Memory problems are most closely associated to:   ill health

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Help Preparing for the Final

1- Religious organizations: . show great variability

2- An individual's religious group membership:  tells us little about the extent to
which religion  influences their lives

3- According to Atchley's longitudinal study, prevalence of attending religious
services:   peaked among those in their 60's and early 80's

4- According to Fowler the stage of faith that occurs in later life is:  

5- As individuals age, both formal and informal religious participation are positively related to:   better health and happiness

6- Many elders' religious experiences include:   a mellowing of drives that leads to contemplation

7- Transcendence involves:   an increase in time spent in meditation

8- The rate of physical decline associated with dying is called:  

9- The Harvard Medical school definition of death includes: 

10- According to Kalish, older people who live past the age they expected fear death less than the young do because they:   have a sense of "living on borrowed time"

11- Older people who are dying are expected to:  

12- Organizations that care for terminally ill people and their families are called:  

13- Older women who expect their husbands to die:  show no difference in
adjustment compared to those without advanced warning

14- Compared to widows, widowers:  

15- To maintain the same level of living in retirement, retirement income must replace about   % of pre-retirement income. 

16- Among low-income older households, the most important direct source of
income is: 

17- Entitlement to Social Security retirement benefits is contingent on: 

18- The spouse benefit to retired workers under Social Security is  % of the pension amount of the retired worker.  

19- About   % of older Americans draw Social Security:

20- Among older couples, about   % own their home free and clear: 

21- Relative income problems have to do with:

22- Among older people, most: 

23- For every disabled person living in a nursing home, there is(are) equally disabled elder(s) living in the community:  3

24- Risk of institutionalization is greatest among those who: 

25- The need for case management is related to:  

26- Older hospital patients are often released "quicker & sicker" because of:   DRGs

27- Elders are underrepresented among the clients of:   mental health centers

28- Medical bills that the elderly must pay out-of-pocket are the result of: 

29- Of types of elder abuse, is the most common and least serious: 

30- Transportation problems among the elderly tend to seriously hamper:  leisure participation

31- An ideal transportation system for the elderly would include: 

32- Social Service Block Grant funds are most often used to:  

33- Social Service Block Grants are distributed:
 
34- According to the US Senate, SSBG programs could pose problems in the future because of:  competition for resources between indigent elderly and
mothers and children:

35- Pillimer found that, compared to non-abused elders, abused older people were:

36- Aging may be seen as a threat to:   

37- Stereotypes of older adults: 

38- The characteristic most likely to evoke a negative stereotype of older people is:  disability

39- Age discrimination tends to occur in: 

40- The theory of age stratification involves: 

41- According to Rosen and Jerdee, compared to younger workers, older workers (age 60+) are seen by managers as:   

42- Sensationalized portrayals of the elderly are common in: TV news

43- Social classes are:   arranged in a hierarchy

44- Compared to the working class, the middle class enters later life with:  

45- Difficulties in studying social classes stem from:  

46- The poorest minority among the elderly is:   

47- Hispanic Americans tend to be discriminated against because of their:   language

48- Ageism, racism, and sexism have their greatest impact in the area of: .
employment

49- "Getting ahead" is emphasized by the______class. middle

50- Employment in the_______________sector of the economy yields the lowest
probability of generating adequate retirement benefits.     peripheral private

51- In 1992, the largest source of aggregate income for the elderly was:   Social Security benefits

52- Most pension plans introduced in the 1980s were:   defined contribution plans

53- According to Schulz, dropping retirement age from 65 to 60 increases pension costs by 50%

54- According to Wolfe, older adults are motivated more in their consumer behavior by:

55- According to Allen, the most important consumer market is adults age;  55-64

56- Older consumers are strongly influenced by: 

57- Voting is most influenced by:  education

58- The prospect for older people to become an effective pressure group is lessened by: 

59- Old-age political organizations have been effective at:   creating visibility

60- Obstacles to government programs specifically for the aged include: 

61- The forum on aging in the U.S. Senate is the Senate:    Special Committee on Aging

62- Compared to groups such as the non-elderly poor, elders have fared better in federal programs because of their:   

63- Social insurance programs include: 

64- The postindustrial society is typified by shift toward more employment in
the        sector of the economy:

65- Probably the fastest growing field of human service is:   long-term care

66- According to Butler, the future of physical aging will be improved by:  

67- A new life course stage may be:   small-scale home sharing

68- According to Atchley, the greatest threat to Social Security's future is:  
inequalities in retirement income

69- Population aging is producing the greatest pressure for change in the area of:   health care financing

70- In the care area, the future will probably bring: 

71. Which of the following effect an older adult's ability to learn?  

72. Older women attend church more often & participate more regularly in informal religious behavior than older men   T/F?

73.Older people who are unemployed and seeking employment must overcome a number of common obstacles. What are frequently encountered?  

74. The percentage of older women living in poverty is: 16%

75. Which of the following factors affects the revenues available in the Social
Security trust fund?   

76. What are the barriers to older persons' seeking assistance for psychiatric symptoms?   

77. The two states that now tend to be the most attractive to retirees, in terms of increases of immigration to those states AND their low out-migration figures, are: Texas & Arizona

78. In a study comparing suicide among those aged 16 to 30, those aged 31 to 59, and those aged 60 and over, it was found that those in the study 60 and over were most apt to: 

79. Having to move into a nursing home is viewed by elderly people themselves as a "risk" mostly because: 

80. The most prevalent kind of living situation that the aged in the country choose is to  live:        

81. Older people may be reluctant to apply for Medicaid because:  

82. What are the characteristics of the SSI program?  

83. The older Americans Act (as amended) defines old as: 

84. Middle-aged adult children are experiencing growing pressures to provide care to their older parents because:  

85. The most prevalent psychiatric disorder in old age:

86. Approximately what portion of caregivers share the household with those that they care for?  

87. It is reported that the most alarmingly high rates of elder abuse in the US takes place:  

88. In a study of the level of support given to elderly widows by friends and
neighbors, it was discovered that the ones who received the LEAST support were those:   

89-90. The US in the 1960s-Medicare and Medicaid passed two pieces of healthcare legislation. They are different in that:   

91. Couples often experience poverty just before one of them becomes widowed. A possible reason for that is:  

92. In recent years a distinction has been made between acute and chronic diseases. According to that distinction, chronic diseases differ from acute ones in that:  

93. Instances of low voter turnout among the elderly can generally be explained by:  

94. Though the older adults in the past were a poverty-stricken group, current
evidence shows them to be economically:

95. What are the characteristics that are generally associated with ethnic
minority status?  

96. For many ethnic older adults, retirement has__________

97. The retirement process for older ethnic minorities can be described as: 

98. What is true about American Indian elders?

99. Growing old may imply some new kinds of dependency. What approach would help an older person accept unavoidable dependency with dignity? 

100. Older women's participation in private pension systems has been characterized by the fact that: 

101. Which ethnic minority population forms the smallest percentage of the total population age 65 and over? 

102. Pacific/Asian elderly have long been neglected because:  

103. The least amount of racial data is available about: 

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