9- A data manager in keeping correct and timely information to the intent of helping the older adult. “If you do not measure it, you can not manage it,” is an old management saying that directly ties into case management for the older person. Using the medical model, it is widely accepted that charts on the patient’s health status need to

be kept, especially during crisis intervention.

       Since human services professional case mangers deal with the

holistic person, not only the medical side, several measures should

be taken and recorded. One example is in the area of emotional and

 psychological well being. There are a great many proven scales and

 tests that can be used to evaluate the progress of the client/patient.

If the case manager is able to work well with the person’s doctor,

these records may be appropriately shared to the patient’s

best interest.

      Other records, including financial records and tax records, could

help in other areas of the clients’ life. But it should not be forgotten

that the case manager should be observing with each visit to

determine any abuse, neglect, or unmentioned issues.

10- An evaluator who can help measure the needs of an older American. Often the older adult is in need of assistance in correctly evaluating their situation. This is indicated the article by Ybarra, (2001), who claims that older people and younger people are similar in impression formation abilities when they could spend as much time as they needed to evaluate the information.

     However, when they no longer could determine the pace at which

they had to conclude their social vigilance, older people were at

a disadvantage. At least within his studies on medical personnel

performance, he concludes that "...age declines in personal

perception may reduce an older adult's ability to perform  

several crucial behaviors, including judging a doctor's competence."

     Older individuals are especially prone to victimization by those

who force quick decisions upon them. As an evaluator, the case

manager to an older adult should be prepared to help indecision

making and protect the client/patient from scams. Many scam artists

use the older person’s changing perceptions to commit fraud

against them. In light of  this problem, organizations that champion

 issues for the older adult have published information to help them in

making important decisions. For an example, the web site for AARP

(http://www.aarp.org/money/consumerprotection/)  contains sections

on scams, fixing homes, financing homes, telephones, and smart

shopping. Some  subject specific areas include: “Test Your Wireless

 IQ, Go to Paradise, Not the Cleaners, Choose the Right Contractor,

Flying for Less, and Stop Phone Cramming.”

11- A mobilizer to help increase the resources for the elderly person.

Barbara H. Lemme, (2002), reports that the last of Erickson's stages is from late adulthood until death is called Integrity versus Despair. If a person has integrated their life into their consciousness by self reflection of all aspects of their life, they find satisfaction and meaning to the years they have spent on earth.  The others see regrets and that it is too late to salvage some meaning to their existence. She further reports that after age 60 or Later Life, there are a number of adjustments to make, including: “retirement and reduced income, decreasing physical strength, living arrangements (especially if widowed), and making an affiliation with one's own age group.” All of these factors suggest an increase need for resources to accomplish the older adult’s tasks. Yet that time of life is for most people a time of decreasing resources. The resources needed may often be intangible but just as necessary as food or water, since most older people become more emotional and more

introspective in their last years. Case managers may find an

increase in their counseling and teaching roles during this time of the

client’s/patient’s life cycle.